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Life in the 1500's
Anne Hathaway was the wife of William
Shakespeare. She married at the age of 26. This is really unusual for the time. Most
people married young, like at the age of 11 or 12. Life was not as romantic as we
may picture it. Here are some examples:
Anne Hathaway's home was a 3 bedroom house with a small
parlor, which was seldom used (only for company), kitchen, and no bathroom. Mother and
Father shared a bedroom. Anne had a queen sized bed, but did not sleep alone. She also had
2 other sisters and they shared the bed also with 6 servant girls. (this is before she
married) They didn't sleep like we do lengthwise but all laid on the bed crosswise. At
least they had a bed. The other bedroom was shared by her 6 brothers and 30 field workers.
They didn't have a bed. Everyone just wrapped up in their blanket and slept on the floor.
They had no indoor heating so all the extra bodies kept them warm.
They were also small people, the men only grew to be
about 5'6" and the women were 4'8". SO in their house they had 27 people living.
Most people got married in June. Why? They took their yearly bath in May, so they were
still smelling pretty good by June, although they were starting to smell, so the brides
would carry a bouquet of flowers to hide their b.o. Like I said, they took their
yearly bath in May, but it was just a big tub that they would fill with hot water. The man
of the house would get the privilege of the nice clean water. Then all the other sons and
men, then the women and finally the children. Last of all the babies. By then the water
was pretty thick. Thus, the saying, "don't throw the baby out with the bath
water," it was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it.
I'll describe their houses a little. You've heard of
thatch roofs, well that's all they were. Thick straw, piled high, with no wood underneath.
They were the only place for the little animals to get warm. So all the pets; dogs, cats
and other small animals, mice, rats, bugs, all lived in the roof. When it rained it became
slippery so sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof. Thus the saying,
"it's raining cats and dogs," Since there was nothing to stop things from
falling into the house they would just try to clean up a lot. But this posed a real
problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings from animals could really mess up
your nice clean bed, so they found if they would make beds with big posts and hang a sheet
over the top it would prevent that problem. That's where those beautiful big 4 poster beds
with canopies came from. When you came into the house you would notice most times that the
floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt, that's where the saying
"dirt poor" came from. The wealthy would have slate floors. That was fine but in
the winter they would get slippery when they got wet. So they started to spread thresh on
the floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on they would just keep adding it
and adding it until when you opened the door it would all start slipping outside. So they
put a piece of wood at the entry way, a "thresh hold".
In the kitchen they would cook over the fire, they had
a fireplace in the kitchen/parlor, that was seldom used and sometimes in the master
bedroom. They had a big kettle that always hung over the fire and every day they would
light the fire and start adding things to the pot. Mostly they ate vegetables, they didn't
get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner then leave the leftovers in the pot to
get cold overnight and then start over the next day. Sometimes the stew would have food in
it that had been in there for a month! Thus the rhyme: peas porridge hot, peas porridge
cold, peas porridge in the pot nine days old." Sometimes they could get a hold on
some pork. They really felt special when that happened and when company came over they
even had a rack in the parlor where they would bring out some bacon and hang it to show it
off. That was a sign of wealth and that a man "could really bring home the
bacon." They would cut off a little to share with guests and they would all sit
around and "chew the fat."
If you had money your plates were made out of pewter.
Sometimes some of their food had a high acid content and some of the lead would leach out
into the food. They really noticed it happened with tomatoes. So they stopped eating
tomatoes, for 400 years. Most people didn't have pewter plates though, they all had
trenchers, that was a piece of wood with the middle scooped out like a bowl. They never
washed their boards and a lot of times worms would get into the wood. After eating off the
trencher with worms they would get "trench mouth." If you were going traveling
and wanted to stay at an Inn they usually provided the bed but not the board.
The bread was divided according to status. The
workers would get the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family would get the middle and guests
would get the top, or the "upper crust". They also had lead cups for when they
would drink their ale or whiskey. The combination would sometimes knock them out for a
couple of days. They would be walking along the road and there would be someone knocked
out and they thought they were dead. So they would pick them up and take them home and get
them ready to bury. They realized if they were too slow about it, the person would wake
up. Also, maybe not all of the people they were burying were dead. So they would lay them
out on the kitchen table for a couple of days, the family would gather around and eat and
drink and wait and see if they would wake up. That's where the custom of holding a
"wake" came from. Since England is so old and small they started running out of
places to bury people. So they started digging up some coffins and would take their bones
to a house and re-use the grave. They started opening these coffins and found some had
scratch marks on the inside. One out of 25 coffins were that way and they realized they
had still been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on their
wrist and lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell.
Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night to listen for the bell. That is
how the saying "graveyard shift" was made. If the bell would ring they would
know that someone was "saved by the bell" or he was a "dead ringer".
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